The U.S. Naturalization Test, Explained
Everything on the citizenship test in one place: the English test, the 2025 civics test, who qualifies for exceptions, and how to walk in ready.
What's on the naturalization test
The test has two components: an English test in three parts and a civics test on U.S. history and government.
English: Speaking
The USCIS officer evaluates your ability to speak and understand English by talking with you about your N-400 application during the interview.
English: Reading
You must read aloud one of three sentences correctly to show you can read in English. The sentences use words from the official USCIS reading vocabulary list.
English: Writing
You must write one of three sentences correctly. The sentences use words from the official USCIS writing vocabulary list.
Civics test (2025 version)
The officer asks up to 20 questions from the official list of 128 civics questions. You must answer at least 12 correctly to pass.
Exceptions and accommodations
Some applicants qualify to take the test differently based on age, time as a resident, or a medical disability.
65/20 special consideration
If you are 65 or older and have been a lawful permanent resident for 20+ years, you study just 20 designated questions, are asked 10, and need 6 correct. You may also take the civics test in your native language.
50/20 and 55/15 English exemptions
If you are 50+ with 20 years as a resident, or 55+ with 15 years, you may take the entire test in your native language with an interpreter. You still take the civics test.
Medical disability exception
Applicants with a qualifying physical or developmental disability or mental impairment may request an exception by filing Form N-648 completed by a licensed medical professional.
Naturalization test FAQ
The questions immigrants ask most about the citizenship test.
What is the naturalization test?
It is the test you take during your naturalization interview to become a U.S. citizen. It has two parts: an English test (speaking, reading, and writing) and a civics test on U.S. history and government.
How many questions are on the civics portion?
On the 2025 version, the officer asks up to 20 questions from the official list of 128 civics questions, and you must answer at least 12 correctly to pass.
What happens if I fail part of the test?
If you fail the English or civics portion, USCIS gives you a second chance to take the failed portion, usually within 60 to 90 days of your first interview.
Can I study the civics questions in my native language?
The test itself is in English unless you qualify for an age/residency exemption. Naturaliz translates the rest of the study experience into Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Hindi, Arabic, and more so prep is easier to navigate.
How can I prepare for the naturalization test?
Practice the official civics questions until they're automatic, read and write sample sentences in English, and get comfortable talking about your N-400. Naturaliz turns all 128 civics questions into short daily lessons with a readiness score.
Ready to pass on the first try?
Naturaliz turns all 128 civics questions into short daily lessons and a readiness score, in your language.
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